| Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff | |
Incumbent: GEN Martin Dempsey since: October 1, 2011 |
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| First | Omar Bradley |
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| Formation | August 19, 1949 |
| Website | Official Website |
The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) is by law the highest ranking military officer in the United States Armed Forces,[1] and is the principal military adviser to the President of the United States, the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council[2] and the Secretary of Defense.[2][3] While the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff outranks all other officers, he does not have operational command authority over the Armed Forces; however, the Chairman does assist the President and the Secretary of Defense in exercising their command functions.[1]
The Chairman convenes the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), an advisory body comprising the Chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the chiefs of staff of the United States Army and United States Air Force, the Chief of Naval Operations, and the Commandant of the Marine Corps.[2] The Joint Staff is under the exclusive direction of the Chairman.
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Although the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered very important and highly prestigious, neither the Chairman, the Vice Chairman, nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body have any command authority over combatant forces. The Goldwater-Nichols Act places the chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands.[4] However the chiefs do have authority over personnel assignments and oversight over resources and personnel allocated to the combatant commands within their respective services. The Chairman may also transmit communications to the combatant commanders from the President and Secretary of Defense[5] as well as allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary.[6] He also performs all other functions prescribed under 10 U.S.C. § 153 or allocates those duties and responsibilities to other officers in the joint staff under his name.
The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is assisted by the Director of the Joint Staff, a three-star officer who assists the Chairman with the management of the Joint Staff, an organization composed of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, the Navy and Marine Corps, and the Air Force, who have been assigned to assist the Chairman with the unified strategic direction, operation, and integration of the combatant land, naval, and air forces.
The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is also advised on enlisted personnel matters by the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman who served as a communication conduit between the Chairman and the senior enlisted advisors (sergeants major, command master chief petty officers, and command chief master sergeants) of the combatant commands.
Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy, USN, served as Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy (July 20, 1942–March 21, 1949). He presided over meetings of what was called the Joint Chiefs of Staff,[7] and Leahy's office was the precursor to the post of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
The Chairman is nominated by the President for appointment and must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate.[1] The Chairman and Vice Chairman may not be members of the same armed force service branch.[8] However, the President may waive that restriction for a limited period of time in order to provide for the orderly transition of officers appointed to serve in those positions.[8] The Chairman serves a two-year term of office at the pleasure of the President,[1] but can be reappointed to serve two additional terms for a total of six years.[1] In a time of war or national emergency, there is no limit to how many times an officer can be reappointed to serve as Chairman.[1] Historically, the Chairman has served two terms. By statute, the Chairman is appointed as a four-star general or admiral while holding office[1] and assumes office on October 1st of odd-numbered years.[1]
Although the first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Omar Bradley, was eventually awarded a fifth star, the CJCS does not receive one by right, and Bradley's award was politically motivated so as to not allow his subordinate, Douglas MacArthur, to outrank him.[9][10]
In the 1990s, there were proposals in U.S. Department of Defense academic circles to bestow on the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff a five-star rank.[11][12] [13]
According to the 2011 Military Pay Table effective 1 January 2011, While serving as Chairman, Joint Chief of Staff/Vice Chairman, Joint Chief of Staff, Chief of Navy Operations, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Army/Air Force Chief of Staff,Commander of a unified or specified combatant command, basic pay is $20,263.50 a month plus additional allowances/pay.
| No. | Image | Name | Term of Office | Secretaries serving under: | President appointed by: | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Began | Ended | Days of Service | |||||
| 1. | Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy, USN | July 20, 1942 | March 21, 1949 | 2436 | James Forrestal | Franklin D. Roosevelt | |
Note: This list does not include Chief of Staff to the CINC FADM Leahy and acting Chairman ADM Jeremiah.
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